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Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland ((ポーランド語:Królestwo Polskie) ; (ロシア語:Королевство Польское, Царство Польское), ''Korolevstvo Polskoye'', ''Tsarstvo Polskoye'', (:kərɐˈlʲɛfstvə ˈpolʲskəje, ˈtsarstvə ˈpolʲskəje), (ポーランド語:Carstwo Polskie), translation: Tsardom of Poland), informally known as Congress Poland ((ポーランド語:Królestwo Kongresowe) or Russian Poland), created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian part of Poland with the Russian Empire. It was gradually politically integrated into Russia over the course of the 19th century, made an official part of the Russian Empire in 1867, and finally replaced during the Great War by the Central Powers in 1915 with the theoretically existing Regency Kingdom of Poland.
Though officially the Kingdom of Poland was a state with considerable political autonomy guaranteed by a liberal constitution, its rulers, the Russian Emperors, generally disregarded any restrictions on their power. Thus effectively it was little more than a puppet state of the Russian Empire. The autonomy was severely curtailed following uprisings in 1830–31 and 1863, as the country became governed by ''namestniks'', and later divided into guberniya (provinces).〔〔 Thus from the start, Polish autonomy remained little more than fiction.〔Agnieszka Barbara Nance, ''Nation without a State: Imagining Poland in the Nineteenth Century'', Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Texas at Austin, pp. 169-188〕
The territory of the Kingdom of Poland roughly corresponds to the Kalisz Region and the Lublin, Łódź, Masovia, Podlasia and Świętokrzyskie voivodeships of Poland.
==Naming==
Although the official name of the state was the ''Kingdom of Poland'', in order to distinguish it from other Kingdoms of Poland, it was sometimes referred to as "Congress Poland".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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